Tokyo Costs Plummet, China Roars Ahead
It's that time of the year again. Twice a year (in January/February and June/July), we prepare a report ranking cities from around the world, along with an analysis and report of trends in the price of living in the world’s regions.
Down at the bottom of this article you can find the rankings as of January 2013 for 112 cities worldwide. The rankings are shown both as a whole, and broken down by region. You can also check at any time the up-to-date
cost of living index, which is updated in real time.
The most startling points are that Tokyo – which has long held the title as the most expensive city in the world – has shown a dramatic decrease in the cost of living as compared to other cities. At the same time, Chinese cities have shown a steady, strong rise in the cost of living over the past 18 months.
We use Prague as our benchmark, and we assign it a point value of 100. Against that, Tokyo fell from 291 points (2.91 times more expensive than Prague) in July 2012 to just 212 points this January. Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong (increasingly integrated with China, politically and economically) have all shown double-digit ranking increases. Hong Kong reached the top 10 most expensive cities for the first time since wen began gathering data in January 2010, with a score of 213 points, up 40 over the past 12 months.
Other than the rise of Hong Kong into the ranking, the top 12 most expensive cities in the world, scoring 200 points or more, have remained constant, with just minor adjustments in their order. The new leader, Oslo, scoring 266, has long been in the top tier, as have been Geneva, Zurich, London, Sydney, Singapore and New York City. Just one step down – and not that far – are such cities as Paris, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. A complete ranking of all cities is provided below.
Remaining constant with previous years, the least expensive cities in the world are in South Asia, including Hyderabad, Kolka, Pune, Bangalore and Delhi, all in India, plus Karachi, Pakistan. Eastern European cities, particularly in Poland, Romania and Ukraine, also score well below 100, as do several cities in Argentina. Surprisingly, Bogotá and Caracas rose by double digits, scoring more than 100 points, in the past 18 months.
When examined by region, the comparative cost of living has remained fairly stable since our last report in July 2012. Even with economic and political troubles in the Middle East, North Africa and southern Europe, the rankings – both relative to the benchmark and within the regions – have not changed appreciably. In North America, there has been a slightly downward drift in the relative cost of living in many cities in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Outside of China, the cost of living in most of the cities in East Asia and Australia has also remained stable.
Cost of Living Raking (Complete ranking)
Ranking |
City |
Price Index |
1 |
Oslo (Norway) |
266 |
2 |
Geneva (Switzerland) |
242 |
3 |
Zurich (Switzerland) |
241 |
4 |
London (United Kingdom) |
231 |
5 |
Sydney (Australia) |
224 |
6 |
Singapore (Singapore) |
223 |
7 |
Melbourne (Australia) |
213 |
8 |
Hong Kong (Hong Kong) |
213 |
9 |
Tokyo (Japan) |
212 |
10 |
Perth (Australia) |
211 |
11 |
New York City (United States) |
209 |
12 |
Brisbane (Australia) |
206 |
13 |
Paris (France) |
205 |
14 |
Stockholm (Sweden) |
195 |
15 |
Amsterdam (Netherlands) |
189 |
16 |
Copenhagen (Denmark) |
187 |
17 |
San Francisco (United States) |
182 |
18 |
Washington D.C. (United States) |
180 |
19 |
Dublin (Ireland) |
178 |
20 |
Adelaide (Australia) |
174 |
21 |
Toronto (Canada) |
172 |
22 |
Wellington (New Zealand) |
170 |
23 |
Vancouver (Canada) |
166 |
24 |
Calgary (Canada) |
164 |
25 |
Boston (United States) |
162 |
26 |
Ottawa (Canada) |
162 |
27 |
Auckland (New Zealand) |
161 |
28 |
Munich (Germany) |
158 |
29 |
Rome (Italy) |
157 |
30 |
Moscow (Russia) |
157 |
31 |
Brussels (Belgium) |
156 |
32 |
Los Angeles (United States) |
156 |
33 |
Seattle (United States) |
154 |
34 |
Milan (Italy) |
154 |
35 |
Tel Aviv (Israel) |
153 |
36 |
Edmonton (Canada) |
151 |
37 |
Miami (United States) |
149 |
38 |
São Paulo (Brazil) |
148 |
39 |
Montreal (Canada) |
147 |
40 |
Philadelphia (United States) |
147 |
41 |
Dubai (United Arab Emirates) |
144 |
42 |
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) |
144 |
43 |
San Diego (United States) |
142 |
44 |
Berlin (Germany) |
142 |
45 |
Chicago (United States) |
141 |
46 |
Madrid (Spain) |
141 |
47 |
Vienna (Austria) |
140 |
48 |
Seoul (South Korea) |
139 |
49 |
Barcelona (Spain) |
138 |
50 |
Athens (Greece) |
136 |
51 |
Portland (United States) |
136 |
52 |
Atlanta (United States) |
136 |
53 |
Turin (Italy) |
134 |
54 |
Denver (United States) |
134 |
55 |
Dallas (United States) |
130 |
56 |
Tampa (United States) |
127 |
57 |
Minneapolis (United States) |
126 |
58 |
Shanghai (China) |
126 |
59 |
Orlando (United States) |
125 |
60 |
Austin (United States) |
123 |
61 |
Istanbul (Turkey) |
122 |
62 |
Houston (United States) |
122 |
63 |
San Juan (Puerto Rico) |
121 |
64 |
Tehran (Iran) |
121 |
65 |
Lisbon (Portugal) |
121 |
66 |
Salt Lake City (United States) |
120 |
67 |
Phoenix (United States) |
120 |
68 |
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
120 |
69 |
Saint Petersburg (Russia) |
120 |
70 |
Santiago (Chile) |
118 |
71 |
Caracas (Venezuela) |
118 |
72 |
Montevideo (Uruguay) |
116 |
73 |
Valencia (Spain) |
112 |
74 |
Bogotá (Colombia) |
112 |
75 |
Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) |
110 |
76 |
Johannesburg (South Africa) |
109 |
77 |
Zagreb (Croatia) |
108 |
78 |
Panama City (Panama) |
107 |
79 |
Oporto (Portugal) |
105 |
80 |
Curitiba (Brazil) |
105 |
81 |
Jakarta (Indonesia) |
103 |
82 |
Monterrey (Mexico) |
102 |
83 |
Bangkok (Thailand) |
102 |
84 |
Prague (Czech Republic) |
100 |
85 |
Lima (Peru) |
98 |
86 |
Medellín (Colombia) |
95 |
87 |
Mexico City (Mexico) |
95 |
88 |
Warsaw (Poland) |
93 |
89 |
Cape Town (South Africa) |
92 |
90 |
Budapest (Hungary) |
90 |
91 |
Manila (Philippines) |
90 |
92 |
Kraków (Poland) |
90 |
93 |
Vilnius (Lithuania) |
88 |
94 |
Kiev (Ukraine) |
88 |
95 |
Gdańsk (Poland) |
88 |
96 |
Poznan (Poland) |
85 |
97 |
Wrocław (Poland) |
85 |
98 |
Bucharest (Romania) |
84 |
99 |
Sofia (Bulgaria) |
83 |
100 |
Belgrade (Serbia) |
83 |
101 |
Szczecin (Poland) |
83 |
102 |
Buenos Aires (Argentina) |
74 |
103 |
Mumbai (India) |
73 |
104 |
Cairo (Egypt) |
69 |
105 |
Córdoba (Argentina) |
67 |
106 |
Rosario (Argentina) |
62 |
107 |
Delhi (India) |
59 |
108 |
Karachi (Pakistan) |
57 |
109 |
Bangalore (India) |
55 |
110 |
Pune (India) |
52 |
111 |
Kolkata (India) |
47 |
112 |
Hyderabad (India) |
44 |
Breakdown by region
West and Southern Europe
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
1 |
Oslo |
Norway |
266 |
2 |
Geneva |
Switzerland |
242 |
3 |
Zurich |
Switzerland |
241 |
4 |
London |
United Kingdom |
231 |
13 |
Paris |
France |
205 |
14 |
Stockholm |
Sweden |
195 |
15 |
Amsterdam |
Netherlands |
189 |
16 |
Copenhagen |
Denmark |
187 |
19 |
Dublin |
Ireland |
178 |
28 |
Munich |
Germany |
158 |
29 |
Rome |
Italy |
157 |
31 |
Brussels |
Belgium |
156 |
34 |
Milan |
Italy |
154 |
44 |
Berlin |
Germany |
142 |
46 |
Madrid |
Spain |
141 |
47 |
Vienna |
Austria |
140 |
49 |
Barcelona |
Spain |
138 |
50 |
Athens |
Greece |
136 |
53 |
Turin |
Italy |
134 |
65 |
Lisbon |
Portugal |
121 |
73 |
Valencia |
Spain |
112 |
79 |
Oporto |
Portugal |
105 |
East and Central Europe
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
30 |
Moscow |
Russia |
157 |
69 |
Saint Petersburg |
Russia |
120 |
77 |
Zagreb |
Croatia |
108 |
84 |
Prague |
Czech Republic |
100 |
88 |
Warsaw |
Poland |
93 |
90 |
Budapest |
Hungary |
90 |
92 |
Kraków |
Poland |
90 |
93 |
Vilnius |
Lithuania |
88 |
94 |
Kiev |
Ukraine |
88 |
95 |
Gdańsk |
Poland |
88 |
96 |
Poznan |
Poland |
85 |
97 |
Wrocław |
Poland |
85 |
98 |
Bucharest |
Romania |
84 |
99 |
Sofia |
Bulgaria |
83 |
100 |
Belgrade |
Serbia |
83 |
101 |
Szczecin |
Poland |
83 |
Middle East
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
35 |
Tel Aviv |
Israel |
153 |
41 |
Dubai |
United Arab Emirates |
144 |
61 |
Istanbul |
Turkey |
122 |
68 |
Baku |
Azerbaijan |
120 |
Asia
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
6 |
Singapore |
Singapore |
223 |
8 |
Hong Kong |
Hong Kong |
213 |
9 |
Tokyo |
Japan |
212 |
48 |
Seoul |
South Korea |
139 |
58 |
Shanghai |
China |
126 |
64 |
Tehran |
Iran |
121 |
75 |
Kuala Lumpur |
Malaysia |
110 |
81 |
Jakarta |
Indonesia |
103 |
83 |
Bangkok |
Thailand |
102 |
91 |
Manila |
Philippines |
90 |
103 |
Mumbai |
India |
73 |
107 |
Delhi |
India |
59 |
108 |
Karachi |
Pakistan |
57 |
109 |
Bangalore |
India |
55 |
110 |
Pune |
India |
52 |
111 |
Kolkata |
India |
47 |
112 |
Hyderabad |
India |
44 |
Latin America
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
38 |
São Paulo |
Brazil |
148 |
42 |
Rio de Janeiro |
Brazil |
144 |
63 |
San Juan |
Puerto Rico |
121 |
70 |
Santiago |
Chile |
118 |
71 |
Caracas |
Venezuela |
118 |
72 |
Montevideo |
Uruguay |
116 |
74 |
Bogotá |
Colombia |
112 |
78 |
Panama City |
Panama |
107 |
80 |
Curitiba |
Brazil |
105 |
82 |
Monterrey |
Mexico |
102 |
85 |
Lima |
Peru |
98 |
86 |
Medellín |
Colombia |
95 |
87 |
Mexico City |
Mexico |
95 |
102 |
Buenos Aires |
Argentina |
74 |
105 |
Córdoba |
Argentina |
67 |
106 |
Rosario |
Argentina |
62 |
Africa
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
76 |
Johannesburg |
South Africa |
109 |
89 |
Cape Town |
South Africa |
92 |
104 |
Cairo |
Egypt |
69 |
Oceania
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
5 |
Sydney |
Australia |
224 |
7 |
Melbourne |
Australia |
213 |
10 |
Perth |
Australia |
211 |
12 |
Brisbane |
Australia |
206 |
20 |
Adelaide |
Australia |
174 |
22 |
Wellington |
New Zealand |
170 |
27 |
Auckland |
New Zealand |
161 |
US and Canada
Ranking |
City |
Country |
Price Index |
11 |
New York City |
United States |
209 |
17 |
San Francisco |
United States |
182 |
18 |
Washington D.C. |
United States |
180 |
21 |
Toronto |
Canada |
172 |
23 |
Vancouver |
Canada |
166 |
24 |
Calgary |
Canada |
164 |
25 |
Boston |
United States |
162 |
26 |
Ottawa |
Canada |
162 |
32 |
Los Angeles |
United States |
156 |
33 |
Seattle |
United States |
154 |
36 |
Edmonton |
Canada |
151 |
37 |
Miami |
United States |
149 |
39 |
Montreal |
Canada |
147 |
40 |
Philadelphia |
United States |
147 |
43 |
San Diego |
United States |
142 |
45 |
Chicago |
United States |
141 |
51 |
Portland |
United States |
136 |
52 |
Atlanta |
United States |
136 |
54 |
Denver |
United States |
134 |
55 |
Dallas |
United States |
130 |
56 |
Tampa |
United States |
127 |
57 |
Minneapolis |
United States |
126 |
59 |
Orlando |
United States |
125 |
60 |
Austin |
United States |
123 |
62 |
Houston |
United States |
122 |
66 |
Salt Lake City |
United States |
120 |
67 |
Phoenix |
United States |
120 |